Governments need to solve multiple issues at the same time. They have to fight crime, unemployment, poverty, increasing inequality, climate change, and the degradation of the environment – to only name a few of the most pressing challenges of our times. The central means through which governments address these issues is the production of public policies. Yet, not all policy instruments might be equally suited to address the underlying societal problem. Likewise, some policy measures might be perfectly designed but are not adequately applied in the later implementation and enforcement process. This seminar intends to address the 'big' question of what governments can do to effectively address societal problems and which role policies, their design, and the later implementation and enforcement play therein. The seminar covers multiple policy areas and issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, and health policy.